0.000 0.708 BEN: .. Okay folks, 0.708 2.142 we're coming to a short stairway, 2.142 2.970 use the handrails, 2.970 4.087 and be careful please. 4.087 94.800 >ENV: ((FOOTSTEPS_AND_AMBIENT_CROWD_NOISE)) 94.800 95.277 BEN: Okay folks, 95.277 96.340 let's find out where we are. 96.340 98.341 ... We got on the elevator right here, 98.341 101.019 .. came down and stood on the balcony overlooking the power plant, 101.019 102.583 ... (H) down that stairway, 102.583 104.621 out on the power plant ramp about that far, 104.621 106.508 (H) then right at that yellow line. 106.508 110.367 (H) And you're now standing over the second-largest water pipe in the world, 110.367 112.169 (H) and it's called a penstock. 112.169 113.829 ... More about that a little bit later. 113.829 115.576 .. (H) The Colorado River, 115.576 116.871 flows in this direction. 116.871 118.334 (H) In order to build a dam here, 118.334 119.995 the very first thing they had to do=, 119.995 121.498 (H) was to get rid of that river. 121.498 124.062 .. (H) So they came up here above where the dam was to be built, 124.062 125.615 (H) and drilled and blasted out, 125.615 127.057 four diversion tunnels. 127.057 128.712 (H) Two on either si=de, 128.712 130.008 (H) into the canyon wall, 130.008 131.566 around where the dam was to be built, 131.566 133.106 (H) out in the river down below. 133.106 137.059 (H) Each one of these tunnels were drilled and blasted out at fifty-six feet in diameter, 137.059 139.037 (H) and then lined with three feet of concrete. 139.037 141.740 .. (H) You're now standing in one of those old diversion tunnels. 141.740 143.063 ... (H) They then came up here, 143.063 145.367 and they built a cofferdam about a hundred feet high, 145.367 148.081 (H) to force this river into these diversion tunnels. 148.081 149.225 (H) Came back down here, 149.225 150.932 built the other part of that cofferda=m, 150.932 152.823 (H) about sixty-five feet high=, 152.823 155.578 (H) to keep this water from backing into the work area. 155.578 157.284 (H) They now had from he=re, 157.284 159.045 (H) to here where they could build a dam. 159.045 161.085 .. (H) They pumped the water out of this area, 161.085 164.614 (H) and excavated down another hundred and thirty-five feet to bedrock. 164.614 165.550 .. (H) Okay folks, 165.550 166.210 if you will please, 166.210 168.142 take a look at this picture taken during construction, 168.142 170.764 .. (H) looks like a series of boxes or blocks, 170.764 172.160 stacked one on top of the other, 172.160 174.694 .. (H) and those are wooden concrete fo=rms. 174.694 177.381 (H) Each one of those forms are exactly five feet high, 177.381 179.659 (H) but they did vary in area somewhat, 179.659 182.756 (H) because they did not build the dam right straight across the river, 182.756 184.641 (H) from canyon wall to canyon wa=ll, 184.641 186.624 (H) they built it in the form of an arc. 186.624 189.457 ... And it's called an arch .. gravity design dam. 189.457 190.965 (H) Where the force of the water, 190.965 193.414 coming down the Colorado River hits the face of the dam, 193.414 197.085 (H) and tends to try to drive these wingtips further into the canyon wa=ll. 197.085 199.179 .. (H) It's a very strong design. 199.179 202.265 ... They did build two concrete mixing plants here, 202.265 204.764 (H) they did pour concrete for twenty-four hours a day, 204.764 205.808 seven days a week, 205.808 208.020 (H) three hundred and sixty-five days a year. 208.020 209.282 (H) For two years, 209.282 211.010 .. less ... six days. 211.010 215.743 (H) Now every bit of that concrete came down in individual eight-cubic-yard bucketloads. 215.743 218.384 (H) Eight cubic yards of concrete into one of these forms, 218.384 221.163 (H) the smallest of which is twenty-two by twenty-five feet, 221.163 224.279 (H) only filled that form up about three or four inches deep. 224.279 226.543 .. (H) So there goes that story you may have hea=rd, 226.543 228.852 (H) that there are workers buried in the concrete here. 228.852 230.385 .. Couldn't possibly happen. 230.385 233.313 .. (H) But what they did bury in that freshly poured concrete, 233.313 235.110 (H) was one-inch steel water pipe. 235.110 237.513 .. (H) They came down here in this lower cofferda=m, 237.513 239.354 (H)= and they built an i=ce plant. 239.354 242.284 .. Capable of making a thousand tons of ice a day. 242.284 243.653 (H) They used that ice, 243.653 244.716 to chill the water, 244.716 247.705 (H) that they forced through that pipe in this newly placed concrete. 247.705 249.241 .. (H) As concrete ha=rdens, 249.241 250.501 or cures as we call it, 250.501 251.867 (H) it produces heat. 251.867 254.000 ... The more you can control that heat, 254.000 256.033 (H) the better job of curing you're going to get. 256.033 257.910 .. (H) So they used the chilled water method, 257.910 259.011 of taking that cold water, 259.011 261.695 (H) forcing it through that pipe in that newly placed concrete, 261.695 263.338 (H) picking up some of that heat, 263.338 265.191 (H) then carrying that heat out and away. 265.191 268.036 .. (H) They felt if they did not use a method such as this, 268.036 271.600 .. that it would've taken approximately (H) one hundred and fifty years, 271.600 274.952 for the concrete .. in the interior part of the dam (H) to cool down. 274.952 276.454 .. (H) So the system did work. 276.454 277.555 ... And then it hardened, 277.555 279.138 and they remove these wooden forms, 279.138 280.185 .. left voids. 280.185 282.380 Vertically and horizontally these forms came together, 282.380 284.248 (H) those voids were filled with grout. 284.248 285.215 Under high pressure. 285.215 287.452 ... Grout being a mixture of concrete and water. 287.452 288.601 ... (H) When this is done, 288.601 291.376 you have what we call a modified monolithic pour, 291.376 293.568 (H) or basically a solid block of concrete, 293.568 297.237 (H) which when completed would be six hundred and sixty feet across the base, 297.237 299.245 (H) fourty-five feet across the top, 299.245 302.187 (H) twelve hundred and fourty-four feet from wingtip to wingtip, 302.187 305.229 (H) seven hundred and twenty-six point four feet high. 305.229 309.063 ... . 309.063 313.871 ... That's enough concrete to build a two-lane highway (H) from New York City to San Francisco. 313.871 314.562 ... O=r, 314.562 315.313 put another way, 315.313 318.459 (H) a four-foot wide sidewalk from the North Pole to the South Pole. 318.459 320.785 .. (H) Then they had to protect that concrete a little bit, 320.785 323.728 (H) the next thing they had to do then is build a couple of spillways. 323.728 326.260 (H) As you got out of your cars or your busses this afternoon, 326.260 327.816 you may have noticed those spillways. 327.816 328.543 (H) Here they are, 328.543 329.686 one on either side. 329.686 330.808 .. (H) What they did, 330.808 331.507 is they came in here, 331.507 334.400 and they blocked these diversion tunnels off in this area through here, 334.400 336.328 ... (H) closed these gates up here, 336.328 339.126 (H) now this yellow part is forever under water. 339.126 340.500 (H) Underneath that lake out there, 340.500 341.699 and completely useless. 341.699 343.281 (H) But they did incorporate, 343.281 344.791 into the design of the dam, 344.791 346.950 (H) the balance of those diversion tunnels, 346.950 349.996 .. (H) using these outer two as spillway tunnels. 349.996 351.582 (H) Now these spillways were built, 351.582 353.106 so that the top of the spi=llway, 353.106 356.066 (H) is twenty-seven feet lower than the top of the dam. 356.066 360.121 .. (H) This assures us that n- any excess water coming down the Colorado River, 360.121 362.260 (H) rather than overtopping the dam, 362.260 364.772 (H) overtops these spillways on either side, 364.772 366.261 (H) goes into the canyon wall, 366.261 367.225 around the dam, 367.225 368.850 (H) out in the river down below. 368.850 374.900 .. (H) Each one of these spillways is capable of handling (H) two hundred th=ousand cubic feet per second of water. 374.900 377.856 .. (H) That's the same amount of water that goes over Niagara Falls. 377.856 380.358 .. (H) three times higher than Niagara Falls does, 380.358 382.653 (H) time that water reaches this area down in here, 382.653 384.709 (H) it is flowing at between one hundred, 384.709 386.764 (H) and one hundred and twenty miles an hour. 386.764 389.016 ... (H) Okay we have protected the spillways, 389.016 390.548 (H) now they had to get some water, 390.548 392.095 .. (H) %- into the power plant. 392.095 394.626 ... What they did is they built four intake towers. 394.626 396.714 (H) Two on either side of the (H) river, 396.714 398.037 on ledges above the river, 398.037 400.754 (H) each of those towers that you saw out there in that lake, 400.754 403.271 ... are three hundred and ninety-five feet high. 403.271 406.446 ... Each with two-eleven-by-thirty-two-foot gates in them, 406.446 407.703 (H) one gate near the bottom, 407.703 408.784 one about half way up, 408.784 410.212 (H) to let the water in. 410.212 412.273 (H) The water then coming into the penstocks, 412.273 414.182 (H) like the one we're standing over right now. 414.182 415.438 ... (H) This penstock, 415.438 417.204 you can see on either side of us out here, 417.204 418.468 (H) is three stories high, 418.468 419.879 or thirty feet in diameter, 419.879 422.963 made of two-and-three-quarter-inch steel boilerplate. 422.963 425.360 .. (H) Made in section twenty-two feet long. 425.360 429.277 .. Each section weighing approximately (H) a hundred and fifty tons. 429.277 432.248 (H) Each of these twenty-two-foot sections is joined to the next section, 432.248 434.021 (H) using pressure pins like thi=s. 434.021 436.874 .. (H) The water pressure in that penstock out there this afternoon, 436.874 440.220 (H) approximately two hundred and thirty-four pounds per square inch. 440.220 442.000 ... (H) Okay we have the water this far, 442.000 445.162 now we divert that into thirteen-foot penstocks or water pipes, 445.162 446.814 (H) each one of em going to a turbine. 446.814 449.295 ... (H) The force of the water turns the turbine, 449.295 451.099 which turns the rotor in the generator, 451.099 452.411 (H) and generates power. 452.411 454.564 ... The water then coming on the tailrace, 454.564 455.530 we saw it up there, 455.530 458.911 (H) and going on downstream to be used at least .. six more times, 458.911 460.589 before it reaches the Mexican border, 460.589 461.963 (H) to generate more power. 461.963 465.736 .. (H) Good clean .. reusable non-polluting source of energy. 465.736 468.306 ... (TSK) (H) The cost of the project. 468.306 470.889 ... A hundred and seventy-five million dollars. 470.889 472.143 ... I say project, 472.143 474.060 because that includes the building of the dam, 474.060 476.854 (H) the building of Boulder City about seven miles up the road, 476.854 480.302 (H) the highway and the railway from Las Vegas out here to the dam site, 480.302 483.399 (H) and in southern California they built the All-American Canal, 483.399 485.842 (H) which takes water to the people and the crops, 485.842 487.935 .. of the Imperial and Coachella Valleys. 487.935 491.323 (H) This money was borrowed on a fifty-year term at three-percent interest, 491.323 494.174 (H) and was paid off in fu=ll in nineteen eighty-seven. 494.174 496.063 ... The people who worked here, 496.063 497.806 and they did work twenty-four hours a day, 497.806 501.208 (H) average twenty-four-hour work force was about thirty-five hundred men. 501.208 504.748 .. (H) The most they had at any one time was when they were pouring concrete, 504.748 506.385 (H) fourty-three hundred men. 506.385 509.793 ... (H) The laborers on the job made fifty cents an hour. 509.793 513.058 .. (H) Highest paid man on the project was a power shovel operator, 513.058 515.007 (H) at a dollar and a qu=arter an hour. 515.007 516.603 ... (H) Out of each man's paycheck, 516.603 518.832 the contractor did deduct each day, 518.832 520.771 (H) a dollar and sixty cents. 520.771 522.825 (H) Because the contractor was feeding, 522.825 524.877 (H) and housing the men in Boulder City, 524.877 527.524 (H) and taking them back and forth out here to the job site. 527.524 531.020 ... They did have ninety-six .. industrial deaths. 531.020 534.561 .. The biggest single category of death was classified as falling material. 534.561 536.187 (H) Basically falling rock. 536.187 538.607 ... But they did have some killed by explosion, 538.607 539.777 (H) some by drowning, 539.777 540.995 some by electrocution, 540.995 543.769 (H) and other types of accidents you might expect to have. 543.769 545.348 (H) On a job of this magnitude. 545.348 547.457 ... They did complete the project, 547.457 548.651 two years ahead of schedule, 548.651 549.663 and under budget. 549.663 551.606 (H) Started in early nineteen thirty-one, 551.606 553.783 (H) completed in late nineteen thirty-five. 553.783 556.139 (H) Just twelve days short .. of five years. 556.139 558.082 ... (H) Do I have any questions. 558.082 560.585 AUD: ... What's this overhead pipe here X. 560.585 561.630 BEN: (H) The overhead pipe. 561.630 562.837 (H) That's the fresh air pipe. 562.837 564.928 .. (H) ... In the summerti=me, 564.928 567.904 (H) the temperature of the air outside gets to be as high as a hundred and twenty degrees. 567.904 569.449 (H) So they bring that fresh air i=n, 569.449 572.377 (H) and they pass that fresh air over a sump at the base of the dam, 572.377 575.148 (H) the water in that sump is a constant fifty-three degrees. 575.148 578.530 (H) It cools that air down to between sixty-eight and seventy-two degrees, 578.530 580.516 (H) then they force it back throughout the dam. 580.516 582.699 (H) So it's %air-conditioning without refrigeration. 582.699 584.650 Like a big evaporative cooler or swamp cooler. 584.650 586.590 ... Any other questions. 586.590 587.344 ... Yes. 587.344 588.612 AUD: ... U=h, 588.612 591.056 during the uh ... earthquake this morning, 591.056 592.275 do you have any sensors down here, 592.275 594.004 that .. measure any kind of movement, 594.004 595.885 o=f ... str[uctur]=es, 595.186 595.574 BEN: []. 595.885 596.524 ... Yes. 596.524 597.836 .. W- v- we have several things. 597.836 600.112 .. First place we have three seismographs throughout the dam. 600.112 601.070 (H) We recorded those, 601.070 602.219 but nobody down here felt em. 602.219 603.664 (H) But we do have sensors, 603.664 604.786 built right into the concrete, 604.786 606.431 (H) any movement that concrete makes, 606.431 607.860 .. is measured and recorded. 607.860 609.850 ... And they had very little of it this morning. 609.850 610.593 Very little. 610.593 612.879 ... Any other questions. 612.879 614.699 AUD: ... How far are you sending electricity. 614.699 615.337 California? 615.337 615.836 BEN: .. Okay. 615.836 618.470 .. Fifty-six percent of our power goes to southern California, 618.470 620.321 (H) twenty-five percent of it stays in Nevada, 620.321 622.490 (H) nineteen percent of it goes to Arizona. 622.490 623.682 (H) What the government did, 623.682 626.909 is they got together the delegates from those three states in nineteen thirty. 626.909 630.226 (H) To allocate the power that would be generated here when this dam was completed. 630.226 632.697 .. (H) California was growing very fast at that time, 632.697 634.359 so they asked for and got most of the power. 634.359 635.872 .. (H) But by the same token, 635.872 636.405 Las Vegas, 636.405 638.021 about thirty-five miles up the road here, 638.021 639.192 (H) at that time, 639.192 641.474 (H) was nothing but a watering stop on the railroad. 641.474 642.504 (H) No hotels, 642.504 643.396 no casinos, 643.396 647.165 (H) we asked Las Vegas to take five percent of the power we could produce here, 647.165 648.466 (H) and they agreed to do that. 648.466 650.096 ... But that's all they get today. 650.096 653.777 (H) Because that contract is good through the year two-th=ousand and seventeen. 653.777 655.098 .. (H) So all those lights. 655.098 656.652 You see burning up there in Las Vegas, 656.652 658.674 (H) comes from power from steam plants, 658.674 660.913 (H) owned and operated by Nevada Power Company, 660.913 662.480 (H) using fossil fue=l. 662.480 664.520 They get very little of hydroelectric power. 664.520 665.284 .. (H) Okay folks, 665.284 665.896 you can follow me now, 665.896 666.791 I'm gonna lead us out of here. 666.791 669.939 ... (THROAT) 669.939 673.914 ... O=kay, 673.914 674.692 here we go folks. 674.692 691.867 >ENV: ((FOOTSTEPS_AND_AMBIENT_CROWD_NOISE)) 691.867 692.620 AUD: . 692.620 695.470 BEN: ... Y- yes it's a fantastic job they did down here. 695.470 695.988 AUD: Yeah. 695.988 716.352 >ENV: ((FOOTSTEPS_AND_AMBIENT_CROWD_NOISE)) 716.352 717.837 AUD: About how many people are employed here. 717.837 718.290 Now. 718.290 720.027 BEN: ... Right now there's about two hundred. 720.027 721.952 .. (H) That includes the security people, 721.952 722.579 the guide force, 722.579 723.415 the nursing staff, 723.415 725.709 (H) the people that .. run the computer room, 725.709 726.450 the office force, 726.450 727.838 as well as the people that work on the dam. 727.838 729.511 (H) And that's a twenty-four-hour figure. 729.511 732.055 (H) But that figure is becoming smaller every year, 732.055 734.900 (H) because every year we are becoming more highly computerized. 734.900 736.578 ... (THROAT) 736.578 739.244 ... . 742.369 756.725 >ENV: ((AMBIENT_CROWD_NOISE)) 756.725 757.699 BEN: . 758.622 784.850 >ENV: ((CROWD_AND_MACHINE_NOISE)) 784.850 785.125 BEN: .. Okay, 785.125 785.472 if you would, 785.472 786.179 right up this stairway, 786.179 787.005 when you get on the balcony, 787.005 788.896 wait for me on the blue couches on the balcony please. 788.896 792.231 ... Anybody needs the elevator it's available. 792.231 804.481 >ENV: ((CROWD_AND_MACHINE_NOISE)) 804.481 806.287 BEN: Anybody that needs the elevator it's available. 806.287 826.072 >ENV: ((CROWD_AND_MACHINE_NOISE)) 826.072 826.495 BEN: ... Come on. 826.495 845.020 >ENV: ((CROWD_AND_MACHINE_NOISE)) 845.020 845.559 BEN: . 845.559 850.932 ... Up the stairway if you can X. 850.932 852.085 .. P>. 855.640 861.825 ... O=kay=, 861.825 862.522 here we go. 862.522 868.557 ... . 868.557 876.611 AUD: ... That was the .. turbine over here, 876.611 877.331 off to the si=de -- 877.331 877.560 BEN: Yeah, 877.560 878.230 that's the turbine runner. 878.230 878.583 You bet. 878.583 881.693 ... That's a ... computer design made of stainless steel, 881.693 883.249 (H) it's designed in such a way, 883.249 885.495 (H) there's one of em running at a hundred and eighty RPM, 885.495 888.255 .. it actually l=ifts that eight hundred tons up a quarter of an inch, 888.255 892.565 your main thrust bearing is the very top of this .. u=h structure right down here. 892.565 893.770 ... This is the rotor. 893.770 897.217 ... The rotor and the .. (H) runner, 897.217 899.226 .. have come out of our A-Seven generator, 899.226 901.050 what happened we lost a water seal down there. 901.050 903.231 (H) So we had to pull those out to fix that water seal, 903.231 905.412 (H) they'll be replaced within a couple of weeks now. 905.412 906.237 AUD: .. . 906.237 909.707 BEN: .. (H) That (H) rotor in that part of the shaft weighs five hundred and eighty tons. 909.707 910.301 AUD: (WHISTLE) 910.301 935.014 >ENV: ((AMBIENT_NOISE)) 935.014 935.764 BEN: . 937.236 1035.801 >ENV: ((CROWD_NOISE_AND_FOOTSTEPS)) 1035.801 1036.527 X: .. Hey [X], 1036.217 1037.113 BEN: [H=ow]= you doing? 1037.113 1037.603 X: Good. 1037.603 1049.257 >ENV: ((CROWD_NOISE)) 1049.257 1049.700 BEN: Okay folks, 1049.700 1050.566 while we're waiting for the elevators, 1050.566 1051.884 does anybody have any questions. 1051.884 1053.848 AUD: ... How long have you been doing .. these [tours]. 1053.548 1054.469 BEN: [About] five years. 1054.469 1055.390 .. About five years. 1055.390 1057.011 (H) I've retired twice, 1057.011 1057.895 can't stand , 1057.895 1059.013 come back to work at a fun job. 1059.013 1059.483 AUD: . 1059.483 1063.091 BEN: ... Anybody have any questions. 1063.091 1065.987 AUD: ... Yeah, 1065.987 1066.489 .. ~Ben, 1066.489 1068.298 ... water comes down the center of the, 1068.298 1069.478 .. where your shaft is, 1069.478 1070.622 .. goes out the turbine, 1070.622 1071.474 BEN: ... No. 1071.474 1072.324 Goes around the dam. 1072.324 1073.503 Water comes into those towers, 1073.503 1074.585 .. goes around the dam, 1074.585 1075.681 comes in from the side. 1075.681 1076.873 AUD: Each individual turbine? 1076.873 1077.838 BEN: ... Yeah? 1077.838 1080.174 AUD: The water drops in the center where the shaft goes in, 1080.174 1080.831 then [goes down], 1080.367 1080.831 BEN: [No no]. 1080.831 1081.318 .. No. 1081.318 1082.437 .. It comes into what they c- -- 1082.437 1083.838 It comes in that thirteen-foot pipe, 1083.838 1084.740 goes into what they call, 1084.740 1086.976 (H) the ... area of the wicket gate, 1086.976 1087.727 ... and there -- 1087.727 1089.640 And there's a .. pipe around that wicket gate, 1089.640 1092.269 (H) a=nd that pipe goes from a thirteen-foot diameter, 1092.269 1093.485 down to a three-foot diameter, 1093.485 1094.732 goes around that wicket gate? 1094.732 1095.340 ... [Okay. 1095.144 1095.620 AUD: [Right]? 1095.340 1096.445 BEN: (H)] It picks up speed. 1096.445 1097.839 (H) By the time it enters that ap- -- 1097.839 1098.688 % goes out that aperture, 1098.688 1099.442 that three-foot aperture, 1099.442 1101.163 it's traveling at fifty-seven miles an hour. 1101.163 1103.023 .. (H) But that's what drives that big turbine. 1103.023 1104.752 (H) It goes arou=nd the shaft. 1104.752 1106.483 It doesn't go into the shaft area at all. 1106.483 1108.521 ... The wicket gate. 1108.521 1110.160 %= All the water goes in through the wicket gate. 1110.160 1112.528 AUD: ... It's coming in .. underneath. 1112.528 1112.759 BEN: Yeah. 1112.759 1113.330 (H) [The wick- -- 1113.043 1114.039 AUD: [Perpendicular], 1113.330 1114.039 BEN: % Th- % well], 1114.039 1115.374 AUD: [2perpendicular to the 2]. 1114.039 1115.374 BEN: [2(H) %and % %= yeah2]. 1115.374 1116.861 AUD: [3The generator's sitting on top3]. 1115.374 1116.085 BEN: [3%A- %i- okay. 1116.085 1117.081 .. The shaft is like3] this, 1117.081 1118.358 and [4water's4] coming in like thi[5=s. 1117.194 1117.481 AUD: [4Right4]. 1118.165 1118.715 [5That's what I thought. 1118.358 1119.952 BEN: (H) And then it goes ar5]ou=nd like this, 1118.715 1119.184 AUD: Oh yeah5]. 1119.952 1120.807 BEN: [6(H) and then out6]. 1119.952 1121.502 AUD: [6Now that thing we saw6] down laying that-, 1121.502 1121.772 uh, 1121.772 1122.516 alongsi[=de], 1122.336 1122.516 BEN: [Okay]. 1122.516 1123.179 AUD: with the uh, 1123.179 1123.566 [looked like a] -- 1123.179 1123.566 BEN: [That's a], 1123.566 1124.833 %= that's a r- turbine runner. 1124.833 1125.307 We call. 1125.307 1126.070 [Turbine runner]. 1125.307 1126.070 AUD: [That- and that's], 1126.070 1126.640 is that is that, 1126.640 1128.138 .. kicked up on the side like that, 1128.138 1128.709 the water, 1128.709 1129.278 BEN: ... No, 1129.278 1130.390 .. [it just .. lays] .. %it -- 1129.524 1130.139 AUD: [Spinning it around]? 1130.390 1131.953 BEN: .. Oh you mean the one d- on the floor [2down there2]? 1131.637 1132.162 AUD: [2Yeah2] yeah. 1132.162 1133.422 BEN: No [3that's lay3]ing flat like this, 1132.358 1132.682 AUD: [3X3] 1133.422 1135.073 BEN: and the water drives that around this way [4like this, 1134.761 1135.574 AUD: [4 XX4]. 1135.073 1136.194 BEN: and drives the tur4]bine up there yeah. 1136.194 1137.699 AUD: And that's down inside the uh, 1137.699 1138.556 .. [in the turbine]. 1137.844 1138.556 BEN: [That's way down] -- 1138.556 1138.804 Yeah. 1138.804 1139.760 [Way down in the turbine. 1138.804 1139.615 AUD: [So it's in the turbine. 1139.615 1140.025 And that's the], 1139.760 1140.025 BEN: Unhunh], 1140.025 1140.223 [2yeah2]. 1140.025 1140.770 AUD: [2that's2] what's generat[3ing, 1140.653 1140.990 BEN: [3Yeah3]. 1140.770 1141.900 AUD: that's3] what's turning the wheel. 1141.900 1142.120 BEN: Right. 1142.120 1142.575 ... Right. 1142.575 1143.225 AUD: We were right on that. 1143.225 1143.473 BEN: Right. 1143.473 1145.655 ... Okay folks, 1145.655 1146.927 step right in the elevator please, 1146.927 1147.649 .. right on in, 1147.649 1150.035 ... step right in the elevator. 1150.035 1152.811 ...

, 1162.663 1163.233 (H) alright, 1163.233 1163.949 are you with them? 1163.949 1165.144 ...

. 1165.144 1168.977 ... Okay I saved room for you. 1168.977 1169.476 AUD: .. All right, 1169.476 1170.071 thanks a lot []. 1169.905 1170.294 BEN: [You] bet. 1170.294 1176.186 ... Folks this does conclude your tour of the dam, 1176.186 1178.043 ... hope you enjoyed it as much as I you, 1178.043 1179.023 come back and see us again. 1179.023 1180.374 (H) Have any questions on the way up, 1180.374 1181.120 (H) ask Norm. 1181.120 1182.122 (H) Bye-bye folks. 1182.122 1185.848 ... Okay, 1185.848 1187.033 any more questions folks. 1187.033 1188.782 AUD: .. What's the .. story with this tile. 1188.782 1191.029 ... Wasn't this created by somebody? 1191.029 1191.343 BEN: Yeah. 1191.343 1191.951 ... Folks, 1191.951 1194.009 (H) the dam was built as a tourist attraction, 1194.009 1195.223 as well as being very functional, 1195.223 1196.911 (H) this terrazzo flooring you see, 1196.911 1199.221 terrazzo is marble chips put down in concrete, 1199.221 1200.618 (H) ground down and polished, 1200.618 1203.790 (H) this terrazzo flooring was put in here by one It=alian family, 1203.790 1204.923 by the name of Martina. 1204.923 1209.439 ... (H) Okay there's two and three-quarter acres of this uh (H) t- uh terrazzo flooring in the floor, 1209.439 1210.986 (H) but the designs you see, 1210.986 1213.202 (H) is what that Italian family saw %=, 1213.202 1216.622 (H) and interpretated from (H) southwest Indian blankets and pottery. 1216.622 1217.987 That's where the designs came from. 1217.987 1220.647 ... (H) Any other questions. 1220.647 1223.194 AUD: ... Are there just two elevators down, 1223.194 1224.151 from these two shafts, 1224.151 1225.272 that'll take you to [XX] -- 1224.669 1225.272 BEN: [That's right]. 1225.272 1226.171 .. Two elevators down. 1226.171 1226.498 Mhm? 1226.498 1227.554 AUD: The rest of it's just solid. 1227.554 1227.933 BEN: Right. 1227.933 1229.428 ... (H) Well there are, 1229.428 1232.428 (H) there are two miles of %= tunnels going this way across the dam. 1232.428 1233.848 (H) They have a pipe gallery, 1233.848 1235.047 (H) they have a drainage gallery, 1235.047 1235.446 they have a -- 1235.446 1237.658 ... a uh= ... cable gallery, 1237.658 1239.447 (H) and they have an instrumentation gallery. 1239.447 1240.641 ... And all those things are -- 1240.641 1244.332 (H) They .. measure constantly the condition of the dam with that instrumentation gallery. 1244.332 1246.508 AUD: ... Y'all open seven days a week? 1246.508 1247.288 BEN: ... Yeah. 1247.288 1247.691 Mhm? 1247.691 1248.778 AUD: ... Is it unusual to-, 1248.778 1251.376 .. to do the generator .. uh ... room .. floor? 1251.376 1252.082 In something like this? 1252.082 1252.509 There's just -- 1252.509 1252.839 BEN: Yeah. 1252.839 1253.697 It it's .. in fact, 1253.697 1254.954 it was built during the depression, 1254.954 1256.648 (H) [and they wanted to make it a tourist attra-] -- 1255.357 1256.648 AUD: []. 1256.648 1258.470 BEN: It was at that time the largest dam in the world, 1258.470 1259.932 ... they wanted to make it very nice, 1259.932 1260.128 yeah, 1260.128 1260.830 it's unusual. 1260.830 1262.714 ... [Usually] you just have con[2crete deck2]s. 1261.189 1261.598 AUD: [Yeah]. 1262.174 1262.537 [2I would2] -- 1262.714 1263.158 .. [3Yeah3]. 1262.825 1263.158 BEN: [3Yeah3]. 1263.148 1263.768 ... Yeah. 1263.768 1266.845 ... (H) .. Any other questions folks. 1266.845 1267.820 ... Yes. 1267.820 1270.809 AUD: ... What are the chances .. of a leak? 1270.809 1271.522 BEN: ... Hm? 1271.522 1272.150 AUD_2: @[@@] 1271.792 1273.679 AUD: [What are the] chances of a leak. 1273.679 1274.222 BEN: (H) , 1274.222 1275.433 .. % it leaks all the time. 1275.433 1277.075 (H) You see concrete's porous. 1277.075 1278.362 (H) And because concrete's porous, 1278.362 1279.888 there's water coming through at all times. 1279.888 1281.007 (H) But that's good. 1281.007 1283.091 (H) Because if no moisture in concrete, 1283.091 1284.067 (H) it dries out, 1284.067 1285.190 an=d .. spalls and chips, 1285.190 1286.337 an=d .. turns to powder. 1286.337 1287.834 (H) Wouldn't make a very good dam. 1287.834 1289.450 (H) So as long as that lake is back there, 1289.450 1291.713 forcing that water through the concrete at all times, 1291.713 1294.461 (H) it keeps that concrete in a stage of what we call being green. 1294.461 1296.504 (H) Green concrete's very strong. 1296.504 1298.006 (H) So we have a good strong dam. 1298.006 1299.347 AUD: ... Say ~Ben, 1299.347 1299.828 BEN: .. [Yes]. 1299.565 1301.000 AUD: [what's going] on up on the hill up here, 1301.000 1301.819 2] -- 1301.222 1301.415 BEN: [2Okay. 1301.415 1303.210 .. That's a2] five-story parking garage, 1303.210 1305.125 (H) and the new building is a new visitors center. 1305.125 1308.047 .. (H) The five-story parking garage will hold four-hundred and fifty cars. 1308.047 1308.797 (H) Okay, 1308.797 1310.101 the new f- (H) visitors center, 1310.101 1312.483 (H) will have ... three revolving theaters in it, 1312.483 1315.229 ... it'll have a .. seating area for people going on tour, 1315.229 1316.122 it'll have a museum, 1316.122 1319.005 (H) the top deck of that building will be an observation platform, 1319.005 1320.872 (H) we can look back at the dam in one direction, 1320.872 1321.761 downstream in the other. 1321.761 1322.510 (H) Now, 1322.510 1323.352 when that's all done, 1323.352 1324.874 (H) they hope to be able to f=igure, 1324.874 1328.386 ... to handle .. between one point two and one point three million people a year. 1328.386 1329.672 (H) Last year we had, 1329.672 1333.226 .. seven hundred and twenty-nine thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine people go through the dam, 1333.226 1334.527 (H) but we had to turn people away, 1334.527 1335.455 almost every night. 1335.455 1336.925 ... Just not enough time in the day, 1336.925 1338.492 to get everybody through the dam that would like to see it. 1338.492 1338.951 AUD: .. Hmm. 1338.951 1340.707 ... Will it have any slot machines in it? 1340.707 1341.401 BEN: (H) No, 1341.401 1342.109 [but it'd be a] good idea, 1341.401 1341.675 AUD: [@@] 1342.109 1342.467 BEN: wouldn't it. 1342.467 1343.242 AUD: [@ (H)] 1342.467 1343.881 BEN: [(H) Pay] for this [2place2][3=3]. 1343.489 1344.358 AUD_2: [2@2][3@3][4@@4] 1343.753 1345.811 AUD: [3When's3] [4comple4]tion on that ... parking garage. 1345.811 1348.363 BEN: ... They figure between fifteen and seventeen months. 1348.363 1348.986 ... Yeah. 1348.986 1350.246 ... Okay folks, 1350.246 1351.432 step right in the elevator please. 1351.432 1353.263 ... (H) R=ight on in. 1353.263 1360.792 >ENV: ((CROWD_NOISE)) 1360.792 1363.552 X: ... ]. 1362.405 1364.195 AUD: [It's gonna be seventeen m]ore months? 1364.195 1365.359 ... Seventeen more months? 1365.359 1368.906 X: ... . 1368.906 1374.209 BEN: ... Ri=ght to [there]. 1373.907 1375.459 X: [. 1375.459 1377.755 AUD: ... Have they ever had to use the spillway? 1377.755 1378.151 BEN: Just a minute. 1378.151 1381.730 ... Okay folks, 1381.730 1383.102 this does conclude your tour of the dam, 1383.102 1384.684 I hope you enjoyed it as much as I enjoyed having you, 1384.684 1385.794 (H) come back and see us again, 1385.794 1387.035 have any questions on the way up, 1387.035 1387.886 (H) ask Norm. 1387.886 1388.878 .. Bye-bye folks. 1388.878 1389.245 AUD: Thanks ~Ben. 1389.245 1392.091 AUD_2: ... Have they ever had to use the spillway? 1392.091 1392.396 BEN: Okay. 1392.396 1392.841 .. Folks, 1392.841 1393.545 the question is, 1393.545 1394.985 did they ever have to use the spillway. 1394.985 1395.884 .. (H) Yes. 1395.884 1397.098 Just once in the history of the dam, 1397.098 1398.382 and that was nineteen eighty-three. 1398.382 1400.016 ... (H) What happened that year, 1400.016 1402.671 (H) is they had a very heavy snowpack in the Rocky Mountains, 1402.671 1404.981 (H) .. and that was followed by rain and hot weather, 1404.981 1407.106 (H) which created a flooding condition. 1407.106 1410.135 (H) We had more water coming down the Colorado River system, 1410.135 1411.839 (H) than they could put through the power plant. 1411.839 1415.654 .. (H) Every reservoir in the Colorado River system was full to overflowing that year. 1415.654 1416.957 .. (H) On July second, 1416.957 1419.065 ... water overtopped our spillways out here. 1419.065 1420.143 (H) Six days later, 1420.143 1422.053 it was going over four and a half feet high. 1422.053 1424.389 (H) And that went on for sixty-six days. 1424.389 1427.150 (H) At the end of that time there was no damage to the dam, 1427.150 1428.385 (H) or to the power plant, 1428.385 1431.491 (H) but further on downstream where people had built in the floodplain, 1431.491 1433.955 (H) they did have thirty million dollars worth of damage, 1433.955 1435.261 (H) but no loss of life. 1435.261 1438.172 ... But that flood's what left that white line around the lake out there. 1438.172 1441.268 ... That white line indicates it was going over the spillways, 1441.268 1443.383 (H) four and a half feet above floodstage. 1443.383 1444.828 (H) It gives a false impression, 1444.828 1446.745 and makes it look like the lake of the level is low. 1446.745 1448.040 Or level the lake .. of the low. 1448.040 1450.172 .. (H) Actually we're eight feet above normal, 1450.172 1450.999 for this time of year. 1450.999 1452.157 AUD: ... Wow. 1452.157 1454.282 BEN: .. (H) Yeah we had a very good snowpack last year. 1454.282 1455.974 ...