@UTF8
@Begin
@Languages:	eng
@Participants:	PHIL PHIL Speaker, MANY MANY Speaker, AUD AUD Speaker, AUD1 AUD1 Speaker, AUD2 AUD2 Speaker, AUD3 AUD3 Speaker, ENV ENV Environment
@Options:	CA, caps, bullets
@ID:	eng|SBCSAE|PHIL|||||Speaker|||
@ID:	eng|SBCSAE|MANY|||||Speaker|||
@ID:	eng|SBCSAE|AUD|||||Speaker|||
@ID:	eng|SBCSAE|AUD1|||||Speaker|||
@ID:	eng|SBCSAE|AUD2|||||Speaker|||
@ID:	eng|SBCSAE|AUD3|||||Speaker|||
@ID:	eng|SBCSAE|ENV|||||Environment|||
@Media:	27, audio
@Comment:	Atoms Hanging Out
@Comment:	An entertaining science lecture and demonstration, recorded
	at a large public science museum in Chicago, Illinois.
*PHIL:	(..) Coo:l . 1860_2860
*PHIL:	(.) &=in Alright folks &=ex . 2860_4640
*PHIL:	(..) Well alreet &=ex 4640_6020
	well alroot &=ex 6020_6850
	well alright . 6850_7590
*PHIL:	&=in By now I'm sure you're wondering about the different things that I have on the table here 7590_10790
	but first 10790_11400
	&=in (..) I would like to (.) talk to you about these three items . 11720_14250
*PHIL:	I have here 14250_14970
	&=in some ice in a pan 15110_16310
	&=in water in this glass 16310_17490
	(.) and steam rising from this pot . 17490_19100
*PHIL:	&=in (.) Now: . 19100_20200
*PHIL:	(..) I would like to ask you 20410_21580
	how these three things . 21580_22870
*PHIL:	(.) Tell me please . 22870_23740
*PHIL:	&=in How are they all alike . 23740_24850
*PHIL:	(..) &=in These three things . 26150_26920
*PHIL:	This ice here in this pan . 26920_28100
*PHIL:	&=in This water in this glass 28100_29190
	and the steam rising from this pot 29190_30240
	just yell it out 30240_30910
	w:e are informal here 30910_32020
	yes . 32020_32450
*PHIL:	&=in (.) Correct . 32450_33540
*PHIL:	(..) They are all forms of water . 33540_35170
*PHIL:	This ice here of course is water 35170_36600
	&=in I told you there was water in this glass 36600_38550
	(.) and you have all seen water boil at home 38550_40260
	so you are familiar with steam . 40260_41650
*PHIL:	&=in But now let's try to figure out how they're different 41650_43710
	we'll look at temperature 43710_44730
	&=in first . 44730_45370
*PHIL:	And the temperature o:f this water here 45370_46990
	the ice 46990_47610
	(.) i:s 47610_48440
	&=in (..) about uh twenty-four- +/. 49350_50450
*PHIL:	n_woo . 50450_50810
*PHIL:	Nineteen degrees . 50810_51580
*PHIL:	Very cold . 51580_52090
*PHIL:	&=in The temperature o:f this ʔw- water here 52090_54530
	is sixty-four degrees 54530_55530
	&=in the temperature of this steam 55540_56940
	i:s 56940_58200
	(..) &{l=PAR I know it's hotter than that &}l=PAR . 59070_60110
*PHIL:	(..) Yeah 61290_61630
	it's about a hundred a:nd eleven degrees . 61630_63580
*PHIL:	(..) Okay . 63640_64140
*PHIL:	&=in &=ex &=lengthened Fahrenheit . 64120_66060
*PHIL:	(..) Okay . 66360_66820
*PHIL:	&=in Oh 66820_67100
	and by the way guys 67100_67790
	what do we call something that's hard 67790_68870
	like this ice here 68870_69830
	or a table 69830_70330
	or a rock . 70330_70870
*PHIL:	&=in We call it a ? 70870_71970
*MANY:	(..) Solid . 72120_73520
*PHIL:	&=in Very good . 73530_74020
*PHIL:	You should g- +/. 74020_74290
*PHIL:	you should be a choir . 74290_75360
*PHIL:	(.) You should go out on the road there 75360_76550
	like 76550_76870
	(..) yeah . 76800_77300
*PHIL:	&=in . 77200_77540
*AUD:	(.) ⌈ We are ⌉ . 77540_78120
*PHIL:	    ⌊ &=in ⌋ Y- +/. 77540_78120
*PHIL:	(..) Oh well 78210_78880
	(.) I'm glad to meet you . 78880_79960
*PHIL:	&=laugh &=laugh &=in 79960_80870
	Plea:se give me your itinerary after the show . 80870_82740
*PHIL:	Yes . 82740_83260
*PHIL:	&=in Yes . 83200_83890
*PHIL:	(..) Of course we call it a sholids . 83910_85270
*PHIL:	A solid . 85270_85830
*PHIL:	And a solid has one shape . 85830_87080
*PHIL:	&=in The shape that it starts out with . 87080_88710
*PHIL:	&=in &=lengthened And what do we call something that you- +/. 88830_90260
*PHIL:	(.) that you can splish splash . 90260_91390
*PHIL:	Take a bath in . 91390_92110
*PHIL:	⌈ Anything wet ⌉ like soda or milk . 92080_93560
*MANY:	⌊ Liquid ⌋ . 92880_93550
*PHIL:	You're not gonna let me finish 93550_94320
	are you . 94320_94660
*PHIL:	&=in Yes 94660_95190
	we call it a . 95190_96040
*AUD:	(..) Liquid . 96220_97240
*PHIL:	Very good . 97230_97960
*PHIL:	And a liquid (.) can change its shape 97960_99590
	&=in (.) to f- completely fill the bottom of whatever container you put it in . 99590_103180
*PHIL:	&=in And finally 103230_104340
	what do we call something that's loose 104340_105700
	and floating around like this steam here . 105710_107470
*PHIL:	&=in O:r a cloud 107470_108580
	or the air we breathe 108580_109380
	we call it a . 109380_110350
*MANY:	Gas . 110350_111210
*PHIL:	&=in Correct . 110960_111780
*PHIL:	a gas . 111780_112490
*PHIL:	And a ga:s completely fi:lls whatever shape container &=in you put it in . 112490_115730
*PHIL:	&=in And so 115820_116550
	how do you get water to change 116550_117890
	&=in from a solid 117890_118870
	&=in to a liquid 118870_119690
	(.) to a gas 119690_120470
	(..) and back and forth . 120470_121450
*AUD:	Add energy . 121450_122730
*PHIL:	&=in Woo: . 122280_123210
*PHIL:	I like the way he expressed that . 123210_124380
*PHIL:	Never before have I heard it 124380_125610
	&=in a:dd (.) or subtract energy 125610_127420
	o:r 127420_127900
	&=in heat 128070_128680
	(.) &=in change the temperature 128680_130190
	basically . 130190_130770
*PHIL:	Correct ? 130770_131240
*PHIL:	(..) Alright . 131470_132140
*PHIL:	Well folks 132140_132700
	now I'm going to show you something else that happens . 132700_134460
*PHIL:	&=in When you change the temperature 134460_135630
	and that's where these &=in &{l=VOX balloo:ns &}l=VOX come in . 135630_138130
*PHIL:	&=in I have here 138130_139490
	&=in a number of balloons 139490_140610
	but 140610_140800
	l- let's see how many of these balloons 140800_142160
	I can fit 142160_142690
	&=in &{l=VOX into this little itty-bitty container here &}l=VOX . 142870_144790
*PHIL:	Well 144790_145250
	(..) &=in everybody count together . 145250_146500
*PHIL:	This ⌈ would be: ⌉ . 146500_147300
*AUD:	     ⌊ There's a ⌋ XX in there . 146820_148070
*PHIL:	&=in you think 148040_148410
	(.) well 148410_148810
	(..) okay 148850_149360
	ʔw: th- th- 149360_150370
	&=in I'm glad I never saw d- Citizen Cane with you 150370_152880
	(..) &{l=VOX Rosebud is a sled &}l=VOX . 153090_154560
*PHIL:	&=in Okay . 154570_155180
*PHIL:	Well 155180_155470
	&=laugh &=laugh 155470_155970
	&=in let's all count together folks 155970_157050
	that wa:s . 157050_157910
*AUD1:	(..) One . 158060_159080
*AUD2:	⌈ One ⌉ . 158910_159510
*PHIL:	⌊ &=in very ⌋ good . 158910_159830
*PHIL:	One balloon going into the &=in little container here . 159830_162330
*PHIL:	And this would be . 162330_163180
*MANY:	Two . 163180_164280
*PHIL:	&=in two . 164140_164680
*PHIL:	Ve:ry good counting there . 164680_165780
*PHIL:	Two . 165780_166080
*PHIL:	Excellent . 166080_166550
*PHIL:	Two balloons going into the: &=in little container here . 166550_169500
*PHIL:	&=laugh &=laugh &=laugh 169500_170170
	&=in &{l=VOX Ah: &}l=VOX 170180_170750
	they're not fitting in so easily . 170750_172240
*PHIL:	&=in &{l=VOX Oh: [% laugh] no: &}l=VOX . 172200_173690
*PHIL:	&=in So hopefully I can fit all balloons into this little container he:re . 173690_177250
*AUD:	(..) X ⌈ XX XXXXXX ⌉ . 177210_178180
*PHIL:	       ⌊ &=in Oh stop guessing at what this is . 178180_179720
*PHIL:	&=in ⌋ (..) Let's have some suspense here . 179720_181170
*PHIL:	Come o:n . 181180_181860
*PHIL:	&=laugh &=laugh &=in Alright . 181760_182900
*PHIL:	And this would be ? 182900_183690
*MANY:	(..) Three . 183690_184780
*PHIL:	&=in Three . 184590_185290
*PHIL:	Very good . 185290_185790
*PHIL:	Three balloons going onto the the (..) little: container there . 185790_188950
*PHIL:	Three balloons . 188960_190050
*PHIL:	(.) Three 190050_190590
	yes 190590_190920
	the balloon trinity . 190920_192070
*PHIL:	&=in And now 192070_193160
	(..) this would be ? 193160_194020
*AUD1:	Eight . 194020_194690
*AUD2:	(..) ⌈ &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh ⌉ . 194690_196520
*AUD3:	     ⌊ Four ⌋ . 194690_196520
*PHIL:	Four . 196520_197090
*PHIL:	Very good . 197090_197450
*PHIL:	At first he was confused 197450_198330
	but then he figured it out . 198330_199310
*PHIL:	&=in Everybody: tell him what this is 199310_200860
	it's . 200860_201440
*AUD:	(..) Seven . 201600_202710
*PHIL:	&=in &{l=VOX it's four &}l=VOX . 202710_203450
*PHIL:	(.) &=laugh &=laugh 203530_204490
	(.) &=in Boy you people (.) didn't watch enough Sesame Street as a child . 204490_207620
*PHIL:	&=in This would be . 207620_208600
*MANY:	(..) Five . 208950_210000
*PHIL:	&=in Thank you very much 209890_210900
	yes . 210900_211200
*PHIL:	&{l=SING Fi:ve swollen balloo:ns &}l=SING . 211200_214260
*PHIL:	In . 214260_214590
*PHIL:	&=in In . 214590_215170
*PHIL:	&=in Dow:n . 215170_216070
*PHIL:	(..) Down . 216080_216600
*PHIL:	&{l=VOX Ah 216600_217180
	(..) ah: &}l=VOX . 217500_218850
*PHIL:	&=in Okay . 218850_219660
*PHIL:	&=in And this (.) would be: ? 219660_221460
*MANY:	(..) Six . 221630_222990
*PHIL:	&=in Six 222600_223310
	good . 223310_223580
*PHIL:	And let's do this uh: 223580_224480
	let's add some complexities to this here 224480_225930
	let's do it in another language . 225930_227010
*PHIL:	&=in In Spanish it would be ? 227010_228580
*AUD1:	(.) &{l=L2 O⌈cho &}l=L2 ⌉ . 228580_229950
*AUD2:	            ⌊ &{l=L2 Seis &}l=L2 ⌋ . 228580_229950
*PHIL:	            ⌊ &=in ⌋ (..) &{l=L2 S- seis . 229950_231080
*PHIL:	N- Ocho &}l=L2 . 231080_231690
*PHIL:	Oh my gosh . 231690_232700
*PHIL:	&=laugh &=laugh &=laugh 232700_233270
	&=in I'm afraid for our nation . 233560_235290
*PHIL:	&=in Okay 235290_235970
	well 235970_236560
	(..) and this would be . 236560_237600
*AUD:	(..) &{l=L2 Siete &}l=L2 . 237710_239360
*PHIL:	&=in thank you: . 239360_240480
*PHIL:	(..) &=in Seve:n . 240810_242180
*PHIL:	Right ? 242180_242500
*PHIL:	Seven . 242500_242800
*PHIL:	Okay . 242800_243290
*PHIL:	&=in And finally 243290_243990
	this would be . 243990_244750
*AUD1:	(..) ⌈ Eigh:t ⌉ . 244750_246040
*AUD2:	     ⌊ &{l=L2 Ocho &}l=L2 ⌋ . 244750_246040
*PHIL:	eight 246040_246340
	or &{l=L2 ocho &}l=L2 in Spanish 246340_247790
	(..) and uh &{l=L2 huit &}l=L2 in French 248160_249660
	thank you very much . 249660_250630
*PHIL:	&=in I [% laugh] thought [% laugh] you were telling me your breakfast . 250680_252400
*PHIL:	What you had for b- +/. 252400_252850
*PHIL:	But no 252850_253440
	&=in &{l=L2 Huit &}l=L2 . 253440_254230
*PHIL:	(.) Very good . 254230_254970
*PHIL:	(.) Oh my gosh 254970_255910
	&=in (..) eight balloons into this little container here 256100_258690
	(.) I bet you're wondering r- how that ⌈ happened ⌉ . 258690_260350
*AUD1:	                                       ⌊ &{l=X You popped ⌋ two &}l=X . 259690_261170
*AUD2:	(..) There's a hole ⌈2 &{l=X in it &}l=X ⌉2 . 260430_261540
*PHIL:	                    ⌊2 &=in ⌋2 well 261530_261940
	(..) there's a hole 261940_262530
	no 262530_262890
	if you're thinking there's a hole 262890_263810
	think again . 263810_264350
*PHIL:	Because 264350_264900
	&=in there's no hole in the counter at all . 264900_266780
*PHIL:	⌈ &=in ⌉ . 266790_267470
*AUD1:	⌊ Pull em out ⌋ . 266790_267230
*AUD2:	You slowed down the molecules . 267230_268710
*PHIL:	Well- la- duh- dah- dih- duh- duh- 268720_270170
	(.) you're getting a little ahead of me son . 270170_271480
*PHIL:	(.) &=laugh &=laugh &=in 271480_272340
	(..) Let's all figure it out together . 272600_274210
*AUD:	⌈ &{l=X You popped them &}l=X ⌉ . 274170_274760
*PHIL:	⌊ &=in And we can get ⌋ a better idea of what's happening to the balloons 274210_276300
	if we go back and look at the water again . 276300_277810
*PHIL:	&{l=VOX No I did not pop them &}l=VOX . 277810_279300
*PHIL:	&=in You're +/. 279300_279670
*PHIL:	What- y- what +/. 279670_280360
*PHIL:	(.) Y- +/. 280360_280690
*PHIL:	Do you heckle every scientific person . 280750_282510
*PHIL:	(.) This is really terrible . 282510_283290
*PHIL:	&=in I'm gonna take some of this hot &=in water here 283290_285400
	and pour it into this &=in flask here . 285400_287470
*PHIL:	(..) &=SWALLOW And put a balloon over the top (.) of the flask . 288230_290730
*PHIL:	&=in (..) &{l=VOX Ah: &}l=VOX . 290920_292590
*PHIL:	(..) &=in Alright ? 292610_293290
*PHIL:	And now 293290_293710
	I will heat up this water . 293710_294710
*PHIL:	Using 294710_295330
	(..) &=in &{l=VOX my Bunsen &=in burner &}l=VOX . 295360_297610
*PHIL:	(..) &=ex &=lengthened (..) &=in Does it use real Bunsen ? 299090_302690
*PHIL:	Is that what you're asking me ? 302690_303420
*PHIL:	&=in Alright here we go: . 303430_304750
*PHIL:	(..) The:re we go: . 304760_306120
*PHIL:	&=in (..) Alright 306320_307140
	I'm using the fire now to heat up the water 307140_308940
	but let's &=in behave like scientists now 308940_311430
	(.) and (.) watch 311450_312470
	and observe 312470_313030
	and take note of what we see . 313030_314290
*PHIL:	&=in Okay ? 314370_315330
*PHIL:	&=tsk &=in Now . 315330_316060
*PHIL:	(..) Folks . 316200_316900
*PHIL:	(..) What do we see . 316890_317610
*PHIL:	Well if we look very closely 317610_318900
	&=in we can see 318900_319710
	(.) &=in condensation here . 319710_321410
*PHIL:	&=in (..) On the sides of this flask 321410_323330
	and steam . 323330_324270
*PHIL:	(..) Rising up from the water . 324390_325440
*PHIL:	Going up into the balloon 325440_326530
	&=in making (.) the balloon (.) blow up . 326530_328990
*PHIL:	(..) Woo 332720_333190
	don't want too much heat there . 333190_334060
*PHIL:	&=in Oh we can also start to see &=in bubbles in the water . 334060_336670
*PHIL:	&=in The water that was sitting at the bottom of this flask 336760_339240
	&=in turned into a g:as . 339270_340710
*PHIL:	&=in That had enough force 340770_341980
	&=in to fill up &=in this balloon . 341980_343900
*PHIL:	(..) &=in That's what we call boiling folks 344430_346320
	and I'm sure you do too . 346320_347170
*PHIL:	Turning from a liquid &=in into (.) &=in a gas . 347170_350450
*PHIL:	(..) &=in Now if I took the t- balloon 351090_352780
	(.) if I took the balloon off the top of this flask here 352780_354760
	and put the water into the freezer 354760_356200
	&=in (.) what do you think would happen to the water . 356200_357920
*PHIL:	(..) &=in It would freeze and turn into a ? 359160_361070
*AUD:	(..) Solid . 361080_361950
*PHIL:	&=in Solid 362020_362550
	correct . 362550_363160
*PHIL:	(.) But it would still be water . 363160_364260
*PHIL:	Yes you're right . 364260_364860
*PHIL:	&=in (..) Whether it's a solid 364860_366080
	a liquid 366080_366560
	or a gas . 366560_367240
*PHIL:	So let's think about what water is made up of . 367240_369380
*PHIL:	Well water is made up of (.) atoms . 369380_371820
*PHIL:	(.) &=in &{l=VOX Yeah &}l=VOX . 371820_372890
*PHIL:	Everything is made up of atoms . 372890_374380
*PHIL:	&=in Solids 374380_375110
	&=in liquids 375110_375660
	(.) gasses . 375760_376230
*PHIL:	Now in water 376230_376890
	&=in two atoms of what ato- uh (.) element ? 376890_380010
*PHIL:	Yes ? 380010_380410
*AUD:	(.) Hydrogen . 380330_381140
*PHIL:	&=in Very good 380790_381630
	hydrogen 381630_382300
	&=in and 382300_383050
	(..) one atom of what ? 383050_384250
*AUD:	(.) Oxygen . 384470_385380
*PHIL:	(.) Oxygen . 385300_385850
*PHIL:	(.) I know you wanted to say it 385850_386830
	but (.) he's my pet . 386830_387840
*PHIL:	&=in Okay ? 387840_388620
*AUD:	(.) ⌈ &{l=VOX X: &}l=VOX ⌉ . 388550_389350
*PHIL:	    ⌊ &=in ⌋ &=tsk 388760_389590
	ʔA- all these atoms (.) combine to form (.) a molecule of water . 389590_393780
*PHIL:	&=in And that's what a molecule is folk . 393780_395140
*PHIL:	A group of atoms 395140_396430
	&=in hanging out . 396430_397080
*PHIL:	(.) Having a good time together . 397080_398320
*PHIL:	&=in And they call the water molecule (.) aich two o . 398510_400620
*PHIL:	(.) Alright . 400640_401010
*PHIL:	So . 401010_401590
*PHIL:	(..) &=tsk Folks . 402770_403430
*PHIL:	(.) &=tsk &=in How do you suppose the molecules in this water 403680_405850
	&{l=PAR goodbye guys 405850_406620
	I +/. 406620_406890
*PHIL:	&=in I'll miss you &}l=PAR . 406890_407720
*PHIL:	(.) ⌈ &=laugh &=laugh &=in ⌉ . 407730_408850
*AUD:	    ⌊ &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh ⌋ . 407640_408790
*PHIL:	How do you suppose the molecules in this water when it's ice 408850_411020
	are different from the molecules in the water &=in when it's a liquid 411030_413880
	and different still from the water +/. 413880_415200
*PHIL:	&=in (.) from the molecules in the water ⌈ when it's ⌉ steam . 415200_417240
*AUD:	                                         ⌊ &{l=X Fast &}l=X ⌋ . 416500_416830
*PHIL:	(..) Do you know ? 417870_418460
*PHIL:	(..) &=in (.) Yes ? 419430_420500
*AUD:	They're not moving X⌈XX ⌉ . 420300_421960
*PHIL:	                    ⌊ &=in ⌋ That's right 421480_422430
	it's th- +/. 422430_422710
*PHIL:	it's movement my friends . 422710_424240
*PHIL:	You see 424240_424560
	a:ll molecules move . 424560_425680
*PHIL:	Not just in water 425680_426400
	&=in but in everything in the universe . 426400_427890
*PHIL:	&=in &{l=VOX Even you . 427890_428760
*PHIL:	The molecules are moving &}l=VOX . 428760_429820
*PHIL:	&=in But to get a better understanding of how those m:olecules interact 429820_432900
	&=in let's: pretend these ping-pong balls here: &=in are molecules . 432900_436870
*PHIL:	&=in Well folks . 436870_437980
*PHIL:	&=in In a solid 437980_438890
	&=in like this ice here . 438890_440210
*PHIL:	Or a table . 440210_441040
*PHIL:	&=in The molecules are moving ⌈ &=in ⌉ ve:ry slowly . 441050_444050
*ENV:	                              ⌊ &{n=MACHINE_STARTS ⌋ . 444480_445260
*PHIL:	Alright ? 444050_444600
*PHIL:	(..) And they're very close together 445130_446390
	(.) in fact (.) they're in a v- (.) &{l=MRC joined uniform state &}l=MRC . 446390_449520
*PHIL:	(.) &=in Okay 449520_450300
	they move very coolly 450300_451510
	(.) slowly 452130_453230
	and that's what it's like 451510_452130
	&=in in a solid . 453410_454550
*PHIL:	Like the ice . 454550_455090
*PHIL:	But in a liquid . 455090_456040
*ENV:	&=MACHINE_LOUDER . 455910_456470
*PHIL:	(.) &=in the molecules are moving a little more quickly . 456430_458380
*PHIL:	(..) Okay ? 458710_459220
*PHIL:	So you have some (.) fluidity of movement within a fixed volume . 459220_462550
*PHIL:	&=in Okay 462520_463310
	they're a: little mo:re (.) further apart there 463310_465520
	(.) &=in but in a gas . 465610_467080
*ENV:	&=MACHINE_LOUDER . 467060_467670
*PHIL:	(..) &{l=VOX look at that . 467470_468510
*PHIL:	&=in They're moving ve:ry quickly indeed . 468510_470390
*PHIL:	Alright &}l=VOX ? 470390_470920
*PHIL:	&=in They're moving so fast they completely fill the shape container 471060_473770
	(..) ʔuh (..) . 473780_476150
*ENV:	&}n=MACHINE_STARTS . 474130_476257
*PHIL:	(.) That's what it's like in a gas . 476210_477890
*PHIL:	(..) &{l=VOX And temperature is a measurement of how fast (.) or slow &=in molecules are moving &}l=VOX . 478370_482850
*PHIL:	So if you have &=in &{l=VOX slow: moving molecules &}l=VOX 482850_485820
	&=in what temperature do you have people . 485840_487400
*PHIL:	(..) &=in (..) Yes 489850_490810
	(.) cold 490860_491380
	or low temperature . 491380_492630
*PHIL:	&=in And if you have fast moving molecules 492630_494280
	what type of temperature do you have . 494280_495810
*MANY:	(..) Hot . 495750_496670
*PHIL:	&=in &{l=VOX Hot or high temperature &}l=VOX . 496440_498590
*PHIL:	&=in You're right . 498870_499700
*PHIL:	&=in But not every substance beco:mes 499700_501500
	a solid 501500_502360
	&=in a liquid 502360_503150
	and a gas 503150_503840
	at the same temperatures 503840_505080
	&=in as water does . 505180_506180
*PHIL:	&=in And that brings us back to the mystery &=in &{l=VOX of our disappearing balloons &}l=VOX . 506280_509630
*PHIL:	Now inside this container here 509630_510910
	into which our balloons 510910_511840
	&{l=HI &{l=VOX ah &}l=VOX &}l=HI 511840_512110
	&=in &=tsk I am losing my (..) spheres . 512100_514950
*PHIL:	&=tsk &=in (..) Inside this container 514950_516370
	into which our balloons have disappeared 516380_517750
	I have a liquid . 517750_518770
*PHIL:	&=in I'm going to take some of that liquid 518970_520190
	and examine it much in the same way that I did &=in the water: . 520190_523590
*PHIL:	(..) &{l=VOX &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh 531360_532280
	(..) &=in Yeah: &}l=VOX . 533540_535320
*PHIL:	Alright guys . 535320_536330
*PHIL:	&=in Let's watch now and see what occurs . 536330_538430
*PHIL:	&=in I'm going to pour this liquid into this flask here 538430_541080
	(..) &=in (.) and again 541650_542620
	we will behave like scientists 542620_543910
	and watch 543910_544300
	and observe 544300_544800
	and see what we (..) n:otice . 544800_548420
*PHIL:	(.) &=in Now here: (..) is a liquid . 548860_550730
*PHIL:	(..) That is bubbling and steaming 550730_552170
	like the water was 552170_553200
	&=in when there were the f- +/. 553130_553980
*PHIL:	(.) when there was a fla:me underneath it . 553980_555400
*PHIL:	But 555400_555900
	&=in there's no flame underneath this (.) liquid here . 555910_558630
*PHIL:	(..) N_that's different . 558920_560190
*PHIL:	(.) &=in Let's see 560300_561240
	(.) what happens when I put a balloon o:ver the top . 561240_563300
*PHIL:	&=in (..) If we do in fact have a liquid 563550_565380
	that's turning into a gas 565380_566350
	with enough force to fill up a balloon 566350_567840
	and lo and beho:ld 567840_569230
	&=in &{l=VOX we do &}l=VOX . 569240_570250
*PHIL:	&=in It i:s filling up the balloon here . 570250_572230
*PHIL:	(.) But . 572230_572820
*PHIL:	(..) &=in (..) This steam here is very cold . 573600_575430
*PHIL:	And we can see that frost &=in is forming 575430_577610
	on the sides of this &{l=HI flask &}l=HI here . 577610_579520
*PHIL:	(.) &=in &{l=VOX Frost ? 579590_580580
*PHIL:	(.) &=in My God &}l=VOX &=ex . 580640_582280
*PHIL:	&=in That's curious . 582280_583080
*PHIL:	Let's see what the temperature is of this liquid . 583080_585410
*PHIL:	(.) &=in ʔuh . 585560_586370
*AUD:	XXX . 586380_587290
*MANY:	&=LAUGHTER . 587290_588140
*PHIL:	Did you guys come from a deprived home or something 587960_589810
	you didn't have balloons ? 589810_590760
*PHIL:	&=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=in &{l=VOX Fighting over balloo:ns . 590770_592570
*PHIL:	I never thought I'd see the day &}l=VOX . 592570_593930
*PHIL:	&=in I'm going to put this probe here into this liquid 593930_596110
	and we will see what temperature &=in this balloon is . 596110_598460
*PHIL:	Uh try to (.) stay in your seats 598460_599600
	I don't want you guys to run up (.) throughout the show . 599600_601570
*PHIL:	(..) Okay 601570_602450
	now the temperature of this liquid i:s 602450_604260
	&=in three-hundred and twenty-three degrees below: zero: . 604260_607760
*PHIL:	&=in Water becomes a solid at thirty-two degrees above zero . 608180_611500
*PHIL:	And it remains a solid &=in at every tenjure- temperature below that . 611500_614300
*PHIL:	So 614300_614710
	folks 614710_615050
	do you think 615050_615640
	&=in this (.) three-hundred and twenty-three degree l:iquid 615640_618740
	(..) i:s (.) water . 619140_620520
*MANY:	(.) No . 618720_619320
*PHIL:	&=in No . 621440_622000
*PHIL:	That's right 622000_622340
	go ahead and shake your heads in disbelief . 622340_624000
*PHIL:	Of course it's not water . 624000_625060
*PHIL:	&=in No . 625060_625730
*PHIL:	This (.) folks (.) is (.) liquid &=in n:itrogen . 625730_628580
*PHIL:	(.) &{l=VOX Ah: ye:s &}l=VOX . 628580_630330
*PHIL:	&=in (..) Where folks can you find (..) lots of nitrogen . 630330_633570
*PHIL:	(..) ʔuh In +/. 635930_636450
*PHIL:	He's like 636450_637000
	(.) ʔuh doing this . 637000_637500
*PHIL:	I thought he had bad breath 637500_638360
	&{l=X yes &}l=X 638360_638950
	(..) the air you're breathing right now . 639140_640570
*PHIL:	Your lungs are filled with this stuff 640570_641850
	all of you . 641850_642410
*PHIL:	&=in (..) The air is probably about seventy percent nitrogen 642410_645410
	a:nd uh 645410_646240
	(.) it's oxygen 646240_646760
	and other gasses as well 646760_648020
	&=in okay ? 648020_648720
*PHIL:	(.) Our body takes it all in . 648720_649950
*PHIL:	&=in But we only u:se the oxygen . 649950_651470
*PHIL:	We breathe out the nitrogen . 651470_652680
*PHIL:	The reason why the nitrogen is not freezing our lungs 652680_654860
	&=in as it is doing this flask here 654860_656470
	&=in is because 656470_657310
	&=in those molecules are moving much faster . 657310_659120
*PHIL:	&=in The (.) nitrogen is w:armer . 659120_660900
*PHIL:	Probably about seventy degrees I would imagine . 660900_662580
*PHIL:	&=in But 662580_663400
	(..) &{l=VOX this (..) liquid (.) is ve:ry cold indeed . 663400_666860
*PHIL:	Three-hundred and twenty-three degrees below: zero: &}l=VOX . 666860_669590
*PHIL:	&=in Well 669590_670420
	(..) to get exactly 670420_671780
	(..) to get an idea about how cold that is 671780_673410
	let's use these two (..) bouncing rubber balls . 673410_676300
*PHIL:	I would like you people in the audience to 676300_678040
	&=in examine the balls . 678040_679390
*PHIL:	(..) To let me know if 679870_681290
	(.) &=in they are in fact 681290_682730
	(..) average normal everyday balls . 683450_685790
*PHIL:	(..) Testify for the audience . 686580_687960
*PHIL:	&{l=VOX Don't b:ite into it 687960_688920
	jeesh &}l=VOX . 688920_689510
*AUD:	&=laugh &=laugh &=laugh . 689510_690300
*PHIL:	&=in &=lengthened (.) You've really haven't been fed 689510_691370
	have you . 691370_691800
*PHIL:	Oh I'm really feeling sorry for you . 691800_692970
*PHIL:	Please bounce it back now . 692970_694180
*AUD:	(..) No 696020_696360
	don't bounce ⌈ it ⌉ . 696360_697150
*PHIL:	             ⌊ &=laugh &=in ⌋ . 696540_697180
*AUD:	&{l=X Throw it anywhere else &}l=X . 697220_698780
*PHIL:	&=in &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=in . 698310_699930
*AUD:	Throw it in the water . 699440_700320
*AUD:	(.) &{l=X Right under the water &}l=X . 700320_701460
*PHIL:	&=in That was +/. 701290_701900
*PHIL:	(.) I'm surprised I caught that . 701900_702800
*PHIL:	Normally I'm (.) f_try to goof . 702800_704000
*PHIL:	I'm like Michael Jordan 704000_704920
	in the White Sox . 704920_705610
*PHIL:	But anyway 705610_706000
	&=in but this time I caught it . 706000_707110
*PHIL:	&=in So 707110_707960
	let's see what happens 707960_708850
	when one of these balls goes into the &{l=VOX liquid &=in nitrogen &}l=VOX . 708850_711740
*PHIL:	Now the other one stays out here 711730_713290
	&=in with me . 713290_714280
*PHIL:	(..) Where it's nice and warm . 714280_715510
*PHIL:	&=in &=lengthened (..) Well let's think now about what's happening to this ball . 715510_718870
*PHIL:	(..) It's in the &{l=VOX ve:ry cold &}l=VOX liquid nitrogen . 718870_721490
*PHIL:	Right ? 721490_722000
*PHIL:	&=in So . 722000_722970
*PHIL:	(.) What do you think is happening to the ball . 722970_724550
*PHIL:	Is the ball getting hotter &=in or colder . 724550_726470
*PHIL:	Everybody say it out lou:d . 726470_727530
*AUD:	Hotter . 727390_727820
*MANY:	(.) Colder . 727730_728570
*PHIL:	&=in Colder . 727780_729030
*PHIL:	Okay 729030_729470
	(..) &{l=PAR some people don't agree with you . 729500_730960
*PHIL:	(.) In fact most people don't &}l=PAR . 730960_731830
*PHIL:	&=in &=lengthened Yes 731890_732610
	it's getting colder . 732610_733510
*PHIL:	&=in So if the ball is getting colder 733510_735220
	do you think the ball:'s m:olecules 735220_737310
	&=in are going faster ? 737310_738890
*PHIL:	(..) Or slower . 738890_739700
*MANY:	Slower . 739890_740990
*PHIL:	&=in Slower 740490_741490
	okay . 741490_741810
*PHIL:	And that (.) you all (.) concur . 741810_743200
*PHIL:	That is excellent . 743200_743920
*PHIL:	&=in So 743920_744560
	if these molecules are going slower 744560_746440
	&=in do you think +/. 746440_747290
*PHIL:	(..) and the ball is getting colder 748620_749760
	do you think the ball is becoming &=in &{l=MRC more of a solid &}l=MRC ? 749760_753280
*PHIL:	(.) Or more of a liquid . 753300_754290
*PHIL:	What do you think . 754290_754630
*AUD:	(.) Liquid . 755290_756210
*PHIL:	&=in A l:iquid 755700_756990
	only one person thinks that 756990_758100
	cause everybody didn't want to go all that far out on a limb . 758100_760180
*PHIL:	So let's see 760180_761290
	&=in (.) if uh 761490_762920
	sh- [% laugh] +/. 762910_763730
*PHIL:	&=in if what this guy is thinking is true . 763730_765790
*PHIL:	If it becomes more of a liquid 765790_766860
	or more of a solid . 766860_767890
*PHIL:	I will take this ball &{l=VOX out &}l=VOX &=in o:f the liquid nitrogen 767890_770710
	and we will begin (..) the experiments . 770710_773500
*PHIL:	&=in Okay 773570_774510
	now . 774510_774990
*PHIL:	(..) Let's see 775090_776010
	(..) they look alike 776130_776850
	don't they 776850_777160
	they still look (.) pretty much the same 777160_778170
	except we have steam coming off this ball here 778170_779800
	let's see &=in if they bounce (.) as before . 779800_781900
*ENV:	&=BALL_BOUNCING . 781900_783260
*PHIL:	(..) &=in Well this one (.) m- (.) bounces pretty much the same 783260_785830
	but this one is different . 785840_786790
*PHIL:	&=in That is curious . 786790_787960
*PHIL:	&{l=VOX Hmm: &}l=VOX . 787960_788590
*PHIL:	&=in Well I must continue my study . 788590_790210
*PHIL:	&=in Let's see how they react under (..) &{l=VOX pressure: &}l=VOX . 790210_793490
*PHIL:	(..) &=in &=GRUNT 794390_795080
	&=in Okay 795080_795930
	&=GRUNT 795930_796740
	&=in alright 796740_797140
	this one (.) pretty much (.) is absorbing my energy 797140_798990
	it remains intact 798990_799740
	but let's see what happens to this ball . 799750_801350
*PHIL:	(..) &{l=VOX &=laugh &=in &=laugh &=laugh &=in &=laugh &=lengthened &=laugh &}l=VOX 801820_803880
	(..) &=in &=laugh &=laugh &=in &=laugh &=laugh (.) &=in &=lengthened . 803880_807410
*AUD:	Did it break ? 806710_807960
*PHIL:	(..) &{l=VOX No: &}l=VOX . 808000_809300
*PHIL:	&=in It broke . 809370_810870
*PHIL:	(..) You see 810870_811510
	these molecules got slower and slower and slower 811510_813350
	a:nd 813350_813770
	&=in closer together . 813770_814870
*PHIL:	&=in The ball became more of a solid than before 814870_816860
	it became harder . 816860_817720
*PHIL:	&=in &=lengthened (.) Well folks 817720_819260
	that (.) kinda k- +/. 819260_820150
*PHIL:	it (.) gives you a little bit of an idea of what's happening to our balloons 820430_822820
	but it still doesn't make it absolutely clear 822820_824790
	&=in so . 824790_825560
*PHIL:	(..) &=in And we'll see what happens to this (..) &{l=VOX b:ig old balloon . 826380_831020
*PHIL:	(.) When it interacts with liquid n:itrogen &}l=VOX . 831020_833650
*PHIL:	(..) &=in Alright ? 834000_835350
*PHIL:	(..) Rather than see what happens tha- there and- +/. 835480_837600
*PHIL:	(.) guess at what's happening to these (.) balloons in the container 837600_840330
	we will see what happens &=in to a balloon 840330_842190
	when it interacts with liquid nitrogen in the light of day . 842190_844520
*PHIL:	(..) &=in Alright 844800_845460
	I'm pouring the very cold liquid nitrogen over this balloon . 845460_848200
*PHIL:	(.) &=in So the balloon and its contents 848200_849980
	the air insi:de 849980_850840
	is getting colder and colder and colder . 850840_852800
*PHIL:	&=in Okay those molecules are slowing down . 852800_854810
*PHIL:	They're going slower and slower 854810_855850
	&=in and so they're getting closer and closer together . 855850_858030
*PHIL:	Okay ? 858030_858430
*PHIL:	&=in You still have the same num:ber of air molecules inside this balloon 858430_861810
	&=in as you did before . 861810_863140
*PHIL:	(.) &=in It's just that 863140_864140
	&=in they're going slower 864140_865130
	so they're closer together 865130_866100
	and they take up less space 866100_867390
	&=in in this &=in balloon . 867390_869260
*PHIL:	(..) And look (.) at the balloon . 870530_872510
*PHIL:	&=in At the very bottom of it . 872510_873780
*PHIL:	You can see a liquid . 873780_874870
*PHIL:	(.) &=in That's the air people . 874870_876270
*PHIL:	How often do you get to see liquified air 876270_878150
	but that is the air . 878150_879200
*PHIL:	&=in (.) The molecules have gotten so: (.) slowed down 879200_882520
	and so close together that 882520_883690
	&=in they're less 883690_884430
	(.) they're not in the (.) as much in the form of a gas now 884430_886530
	they're more in the form ʔuh (..) ʔuh &=in of a liquid . 886530_889110
*PHIL:	&=in But now . 889110_889900
*PHIL:	(.) The air around it 889900_890710
	&=in is causing those molecules to speed up . 890710_892600
*PHIL:	(..) &{l=VOX &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &}l=VOX 892600_893690
	&=in Ha ha: . 893690_894600
*PHIL:	(.) &=in And so 894600_895520
	(..) the molecules are speeding up 895520_897120
	they're getting further and further apart 897120_898580
	&=in (.) and taking up more space inside the balloon 898580_900760
	so the balloon goes back to its former size and shape . 900760_903260
*PHIL:	&=in So that has to be what's happening &=in to the balloons 903260_905960
	that are inside this container here . 905960_907690
*PHIL:	&=in Alright ? 907810_909000
*PHIL:	(..) &=SWALLOW Yes 909000_910250
	these balloons are in the very cold liquid nitrogen 910250_912260
	&=in and so those molecules slowed down 912260_914330
	&=in and got closer together 914430_915870
	&=ex &=in the air 915870_917020
	(..) took up less space inside the balloons . 917020_918470
*PHIL:	So I can fit &{l=VOX a:ll &}l=VOX those balloons 918470_919930
	&=in into this &{l=HI little itty-bitty container &}l=HI . 919930_921850
*PHIL:	(.) &=in &{l=VOX But now: &}l=VOX 921860_923140
	&=in I'm taking the balloons out (.) of this container 923140_925420
	&=in so the molecules (.) a:re speeding up . 925420_927810
*PHIL:	&=in The air is &{l=VOX heating up &}l=VOX 927810_929400
	(.) okay ? 929440_930550
*PHIL:	(.) And so the molecules are going &=in faster and faster 930550_932840
	and they're getting further and further apart 932840_934570
	(..) &=in they're taking up less space 934880_936960
	(..) &=in insi:de- +/. 937220_938490
*PHIL:	I'm sorry 938490_938770
	taking (.) up more and more space 938770_940160
	inside these balloons . 940160_941040
*PHIL:	(.) &=in (.) And you might want to protect your eardrums . 941720_944000
*PHIL:	Cause sometimes as these balloons expand 944000_945650
	they pop . 945650_946130
*PHIL:	And let me tell you 946130_946930
	(..) I get quite shell shocked at the end of the day . 946930_949330
*PHIL:	(.) &=in So 949360_950450
	(..) this really teaches us a lot people 950480_952660
	this tells us that the dif⌈ference ⌉ +... 952660_953730
*ENV:	                          ⌊ &=POP ⌋ . 953480_953730
*PHIL:	&{l=VOX Ow: [% laugh] &}l=VOX . 953730_954500
*PHIL:	&=in (.) The difference in a substance between a solid (.) a liquid and a gas 954500_958310
	(.) &=in (.) like water 958410_959660
	i:s 959660_960310
	(..) how fast the molecules are moving . 960790_962820
*PHIL:	And that different (..) substances become a solid 962820_965800
	(..) a liquid 965800_966530
	(.) and a gas at different temperatures 966530_967920
	and temperature &=in is a measurement of how fast or slow &=in molecules are moving . 967920_972240
*PHIL:	(.) &=in That's what I wanted to tell you people 972240_973970
	I love to share that with everyone that I meet 973970_976100
	&=in if you have any questions about this 976100_977540
	or: (.) any other subject 977540_978580
	come on up and ask 978580_979560
	&=in (.) even if you don't 979560_980750
	(.) I certainly hope you have a great day here at the Museum: (..) of Science (..) &{l=VOX and Industry:ʔuh: &}l=VOX &=ex . 980750_991100
*ENV:	&=POP . 991100_991740
*AUD:	X . 991750_992270
*PHIL:	Oh 992270_992770
	(..) &=laugh &=laugh &=laugh &=in 993270_993870
	(.) &{l=VOX thank you very much . 993910_995760
*PHIL:	&=in ʔuh:Oy &}l=VOX . 995760_997500
*PHIL:	(.) Someone's been shot . 997500_998750
*PHIL:	(..) &=laugh . 998750_999800
@End
